Which term describes the situation where both parties of a contract may not receive the same value?

The term that describes a situation where both parties to a contract may not receive the same value is "aleatory." In the context of contracts, an aleatory contract is one where the parties agree that the performance of one party is dependent upon the occurrence of a specific event, which is often uncertain. Insurance contracts are a prime example of aleatory contracts; the insurer promises to pay a benefit only upon the occurrence of a particular event (like a loss or damage), while the insured pays premiums that may not equate in value to the eventual payout.

This characteristic highlights the unequal distribution of value, as one party may pay less in premiums than they ultimately receive in payouts, depending on the likelihood of the insured event occurring. Thus, the nature of the contract involves risk and uncertainty, which is intrinsic to the concept of "aleatory."